Introduction
Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is the last and final messenger of Islam, whose teachings continue to guide billions of people worldwide. His life, from birth to prophethood and beyond, is a beacon of faith, wisdom, and perseverance. This article explores his journey, highlighting key events that shaped his mission and legacy.
Birth and Early Life
Birth in the Year of the Elephant
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca in 570 CE, a year known as the “Year of the Elephant” due to an attempted invasion of Mecca by Abraha, a ruler from Yemen. His father, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, passed away before his birth, making him an orphan from the very beginning.
His Mother and Grandfather’s Care
His mother, Amina bint Wahb, raised him with love, but she, too, passed away when he was just six years old. After her death, his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, took care of him. When Abd al-Muttalib also passed away, his uncle, Abu Talib, became his guardian.
Childhood as a Shepherd and Trader
In his youth, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) worked as a shepherd and later as a merchant. His honesty and integrity earned him the title “Al-Amin” (The Trustworthy) among the people of Mecca.
Marriage to Khadijah (RA)
At the age of 25, Muhammad (PBUH) married Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy and noble businesswoman. Khadijah was 15 years older than him, but their marriage was filled with love and respect. She played a crucial role in supporting him when he later received the divine revelation.
The First Revelation and Prophethood
The Cave of Hira
At the age of 40, while meditating in the Cave of Hira, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received his first revelation from Angel Jibreel (Gabriel). The first words revealed were:
“Read! In the name of your Lord who created.” (Surah Al-‘Alaq 96:1)
This marked the beginning of his mission as the last prophet of Islam.
Early Struggles and Opposition
When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) started preaching Islam, he faced severe opposition from the Quraysh tribe. They rejected his message of monotheism and tried to harm him and his followers. Despite the difficulties, he remained patient and continued to spread the message of Islam.
Migration to Medina (Hijrah)
Due to increasing persecution in Mecca, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 CE. This event, known as Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, he established a strong Muslim community and formed peace treaties with different tribes.
The Battles and the Growth of Islam
Battle of Badr (624 CE)
The first major battle between Muslims and the Quraysh was the Battle of Badr. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims won with divine help.
Battle of Uhud (625 CE)
The Quraysh sought revenge and attacked again in the Battle of Uhud. The Muslims initially had the upper hand but later suffered losses due to a strategic mistake.
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 CE)
Instead of fighting, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) signed a peace treaty with the Quraysh, known as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. This treaty helped Islam spread peacefully.
Conquest of Mecca (630 CE)
In 630 CE, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers peacefully entered Mecca. Instead of seeking revenge, he forgave his enemies, setting a great example of mercy.
The Final Sermon and Passing Away
The Last Sermon
During his last pilgrimage in 632 CE, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) delivered his Farewell Sermon at Arafat. He emphasized justice, equality, and the importance of following Islam.
His Passing
A few months after his last sermon, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) fell ill and passed away at the age of 63 in Medina. His death marked the end of prophethood, but his teachings continue to guide the world.
Legacy of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
- The Quran: The holy book of Islam, revealed to him, remains unchanged.
- Sunnah and Hadith: His words and actions serve as a guide for Muslims.
- Moral and Ethical Teachings: His message promotes kindness, honesty, and justice.
- A Universal Message: His teachings continue to inspire people of all backgrounds.
Conclusion
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was not only a prophet but also a leader, reformer, and a role model for humanity. His life was filled with challenges, yet he remained steadfast in his mission. His teachings on faith, morality, and justice continue to illuminate the path for millions.
FAQs
- What was Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) real name?
- His full name was Muhammad ibn Abdullah.
- When and where was Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) born?
- He was born in Mecca in 570 CE.
- Who was Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) first wife?
- His first wife was Khadijah bint Khuwaylid.
- What is the most important teaching of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
- The belief in one God (Allah) and leading a life of righteousness.
- Where is Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) buried?
- He is buried in Masjid al-Nabawi, Medina.